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Training Speed - Acceleration by: Patrick Beith
Training speed properly is essential for any team or athlete that wants to be successful. It's that simple.
In order to run faster, you must break down your speed training into a simple progression to maximize improvements.
Let's
start with the most important aspect of speed: acceleration.
Acceleration
Speed is a product of stride length
(the distance your hips travel in a stride) and stride frequency (the number of steps you take in a given time period). However,
you will not reach top speed by focusing on increasingly larger steps to increase stride length or taking short, quick steps
to increase stride frequency. Instead, top speeds are created by applying 'optimal' force to the ground. Both length and frequency
are improved by strength so better strength application results in faster speeds. Really, acceleration training is a form
of strength training.
Ground contact times (the amount of time each foot spends on the ground) are another important
factor to consider during acceleration. During the earliest parts of acceleration, especially the first two steps, you are
trying to overcome (inertia) the weight of your body by moving it forward as quickly as possible. This takes a great deal
of strength and power. The stronger and more efficient you are, the more you can extend your acceleration phase. Since high
intensity sprint work involves recruiting specific groups of muscle fibers improves the efficiency of neuromuscular firing
patterns, sprinting is taxing to the central nervous system. Once the CNS becomes fatigued, workouts quickly lose their effectiveness.
Any type of speed work must be done with full recovery. Generally speaking, that means approximately one minute of rest for
every 10 yards that you run. Sprinting is a highly technical activity.
Without full recovery, both your muscles and
your central nervous system will begin to fatigue quickly, reducing the short and long term effectiveness of your training.
For this reason, acceleration should not be trained with fatigue present. To optimize your success, full recovery must be
adhered to both in your individual workouts as well as your weekly plan. It takes roughly 36-48 hours to fully recover from
a speed workout.
Acceleration Cues
• Drive the lead arm (same as front leg) up as you begin to sprint.
• Drive out so the body is at a 45 degree angle to the ground. • Keep the heel recovery low during the
first 6-8 strides. • Drive the elbows down and back. Keep the hands loose, but not open. Arms should remain at approximately
90 degrees from the elbow. • Step over the opposite knee and drive the foot down into the ground to create maximal
force.
Don’t force yourself to ‘stay low’. This will limit the amount of force you can apply to
the ground and leads to poor acceleration. Let your upper body unfold naturally. ‘Staying low’ will occur naturally
if you are already strong enough.
Get Vertical!
At the beginning of your speed training season acceleration
work is used. You can't be efficient running longer distances without getting the proper strength levels and neuromuscular
efficiency of the shorter intervals. As your athletes get stronger, you can extend out the acceleration distances. You want
your athletes to be driving out as far as possible. The stronger the athlete is the further the acceleration phase will be
and will set-up the athletes' top speed better later on.
During acceleration, the foot should strike directly below
or slightly behind the hips. You must be able to drive out so your body is at a 45 degree angle to the ground and step over
the opposite knee and drive the foot down into the ground to create maximal force.
Horizontal to Vertical
Some
athletes aren’t strong enough to hold and maintain that ideal drive phase. So, you must trick the athlete's body and
make it so that they have to get into the right position.Start your acceleration work on the ground and work your way up.
In order to put the athletes in the best mechanical position, even without great strength levels, athletes will start with
short intervals, in a horizontal position. As the athletes get stronger, the acceleration intervals are lengthened and/or
the starting positions are more vertical.
Sample beginning of the season acceleration workout:
4 X 25 yards
each (400 yards total) 2.5 minute rest between each rep/4 minutes between each exercise
a) Push-up 'Down' b)
Push-up 'Up' c) Seated Start-Backwards d) Seated Start-Forward
As the athlete shows that they can handle these
positions and their form doesn't break down at all during the 25 yards, you can start lengthening the interval distance and/or
change the starting positions.
About The Author
Patrick Beith is a Performance Consultant for Athletes' Acceleration, Inc, http://www.AthletesAcceleration.com.
To learn more about speed training and for free access to Coach Beith's Speed Training Report - Secrets to Developing Dominant
Speed visit: http://www.CompleteSpeedTraining.com |
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